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You graduated college and entered the working world at 21, setting a goal to have $1 million in your 401(k) within a decade. Instead, you hit your target at 46, 15 years later than your original plan.
What went wrong? What drove you so far off course in achieving this significant life goal?
Truthfully, life happened, and perhaps a little naivety about the time required to amass $1 million in savings. By understanding a few financial data points, you’ll see that hitting your goal at 46 is still a significant accomplishment to celebrate.
Most Americans could improve their savings and investing, and they often require 30 or more years in the workforce to reach their retirement and savings goals.
Here are three reasons why.
Key Points About This Article:
- Your highest earning years aren’t until 45, making it challenging to put aside enough to reach your 401(k) target in your 30s.
- If you want a home, mortgage payments will slow your progress.
- Life could get in the way due to an unexpected expense, temporarily pausing your savings efforts.
Your Highest Earning Years
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says that the median income of American workers peaks between 45 and 54 . You hit your $1 million target right at the beginning of those peak earning years. You should commend yourself for your persistence and focus on reaching your goal.
There are many 401(k) retirement calculators online that you can use to estimate the size of your 401(k) account value at retirement. Here are the assumptions for someone looking to hit $1 million by 31:
- You had a $40,000 annual salary at 21 right out of college;
- You take 10% of your gross pay each month and contribute it to your 401(k);
- Your salary rises 5% yearly;
- You want to retire at 31 (the age at which you have $1 million in your 401(k);
- You expect a 7% annual return;
- You have a $0 balance starting, and
- Your employer matches 50% of your contribution up to 6% of your annual salary.
Based on these assumptions, you would have $111,456 in your 401(k) at 31, which means to reach your $1 million target in a decade, you’ll have to earn and contribute a lot more and take greater risks to accelerate your investment returns.
Let’s raise your starting salary to $60,000, increase your contribution by 20%, increase your salary by 10% annually, and bump your expected rate of return to 10%. Based on these changes to the assumptions, you would have $426,235 by 31, less than halfway to your target.
Now, if you go back to the original assumptions but change the retirement age from 31 to 46, your retirement portfolio would have $1,060,719--right on the button. Not to mention, you’re just entering your highest earning years.
You Might Want a Home
Experts say buying a house is one of the best ways to save because you’re forced to do it, or you could lose your home. The 401(k), however, is on you. No one will knock on your door to remind you that you’ve got 401(k) contributions to make.
Your 401(k) provider would give you some hints that your account needs feeding. Also, your employer might if they have automatic enrollment.
“Automatic contribution arrangements allow employers to ‘enroll’ eligible employees in the retirement plan automatically unless the employee affirmatively elects not to participate. ‘Enroll’ means that the employer contributes part of the employee's wages to the retirement plan on the employee's behalf,” states the IRS frequently asked questions page.
Although the 401(k) is an important retirement savings vehicle, the average American’s home is their largest asset. According to the Pew Research Center, 62% of U.S. households owned their primary residence as of 2021, with an average home equity of $174,000. Meanwhile, the average retirement account was valued at $76,000, less than half that amount.
Except for the highest income earners, monthly mortgage payments can impede your ability to make larger contributions to your 401(k). Don’t let this diminish your savings accomplishments.
Unexpected Living Expenses for American Households
According to the JPMorgan Chase Institute, 63% of households earning $26,000 less couldn’t cover an unexpected $1,600 expense as of Dec. 31, 2023. However, the percentage falls to 3% for households with incomes over $93,000.
The average American's everyday unexpected expenses include out-of-pocket medical expenses, car repairs, emergency vet care, and broken furnace and air conditioner repairs.
“The Federal Reserve's yearly study found that more than one-in-five adults struggle to pay their bills in full each month, and an unexpected cost could lead to ongoing bill disruption. Having backlogged or unpaid bills can lead to other financial issues, like growing debt or credit score issues,” states U.S. Bank’s personal finance webpage.
There will be times in your life that will temporarily reduce your ability to save for retirement through the 401(k). That’s especially true if you own a home and make monthly mortgage payments.
Unless you can make up for the paused savings, unexpected living expenses could affect your ability to meet your $1 million 401(k) target .
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