Photo byChris CharlesonUnsplash

As summer comes to an end and temperatures begin to drop after the recent heat wave, the enchanting hummingbirds that have been gracing West Virginia gardens are preparing for their long journey south. These tiny travelers, known for their incredible energy and vibrant colors, will soon begin their migration to warmer climates in Mexico and Central America. For those who cherish their presence, it’s a bittersweet time, but understanding their migration patterns can help us appreciate the journey they’re about to undertake and look forward to their return in the spring.

Types of Hummingbirds in West Virginia

West Virginia is primarily visited by the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, the only species that breeds in the eastern United States. Males are easily identifiable by their brilliant red throats, while females have a more subdued greenish-white coloration. Occasionally, other species like the Rufous Hummingbird or the Black-chinned Hummingbird might make a rare appearance, but these are much less common.

When Do Hummingbirds Leave?

Hummingbirds typically start their migration south in late August and early September. The timing can vary slightly depending on weather conditions and food availability. As days grow shorter, the hummingbirds’ internal clocks tell them it's time to head south. Some may linger into late September, especially if food sources like nectar-rich flowers and feeders are still available, but most will have departed by the end of the month.

The Long Journey South

The migration of hummingbirds is nothing short of extraordinary. These tiny birds, weighing no more than a nickel, will fly non-stop across the Gulf of Mexico, covering up to 500 miles in a single flight. Their incredible stamina and navigational skills are truly remarkable, and many of them will return to the very same feeders they visited the previous year.

When Will They Return?

While it’s sad to see them go, hummingbirds will make their way back to West Virginia in the spring. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically return in late April to early May, as the weather warms and flowers begin to bloom. Some eager individuals might arrive as early as mid-April, especially if the spring is mild. Providing feeders with fresh nectar early in the season can help attract these early arrivals and give them a much-needed energy boost after their long journey.

How to Help Hummingbirds on Their Journey

As the hummingbirds prepare to leave, you can help them by keeping your feeders filled with fresh nectar for as long as possible. Even as they depart, late migrants passing through will appreciate the extra energy. Cleaning your feeders regularly to prevent mold and bacteria is also crucial for their health.

For those looking forward to their return next spring, consider planting native flowers like bee balm, columbine, and trumpet vine, which are all excellent nectar sources that will attract hummingbirds to your garden.

Conclusion

While it’s always a bit melancholic to bid farewell to these tiny avian wonders, knowing they’ll be back next year offers some comfort. Their migration is a testament to nature’s incredible resilience and beauty, and when they return to West Virginia in the spring, we’ll be ready to welcome them with open arms—and freshly filled feeders.