Ancient Bone Reveals Early Use of Hallucinogenic Plant

Photo byPhoto by Giancarlo Revolledo on Unsplash

An ancient bone, likely from a sheep or goat, has provided solid evidence of intentional human use of the plant black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) in Europe. Found at the Houten-Castellum settlement near Utrecht, Netherlands, the bone contained many black henbane seeds deliberately stored within, sealed with birch tar. The seeds, known for their toxic properties, can induce hallucinations or serve as medicine when used correctly.

The bone was discovered as part of the archaeological assemblage at Houten-Castellum, which has yielded extensive artefacts spanning centuries of habitation. Accidentally dislodged during cleaning, the bone revealed 382 black henbane seeds, indicating intentional use and storage. The bone's polished surface suggests frequent handling, highlighting its significance to the community.

While some theories suggest black henbane's role in inducing berserker rage, the researchers propose its medicinal use, citing historical accounts by Roman historian Pliny the Elder. Pliny described black henbane's various medicinal applications, cautioning against its adverse effects when misused.

This discovery challenges the notion that black henbane seeds found in archaeological sites are accidental. Instead, it suggests deliberate collection and use by ancient communities, shedding light on their understanding of medicinal plants. The researchers emphasize the importance of considering contextual associations in future archaeological studies, highlighting the significance of black henbane as a historically utilized plant species.