Quantum Chaos Discovered in Thin Insulating Layers Challenges Superconductivity Models

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Physicists from Princeton University and the Japanese National Institute for Materials Science have discovered unexpected quantum chaos phenomena in atomically thin layers of insulating material, challenging existing models and offering insights into superconductivity.

Superconductivity, characterized by effortless electron motion and zero energy loss, is highly desirable but challenging. Understanding the transition to this state and its temperature dependence could enable more practical applications without extreme cooling.

The study focuses on 2D surfaces, where quantum fluctuations inhibit superconductivity. These fluctuations, like quantum vortexes or eddies, disrupt superconductivity until the temperature drops low enough, according to the BKT transition theory.

The researchers observed unusual behaviour in tungsten ditelluride, a semi-metal, where superconductivity emerged under specific electron densities but ceased abruptly at a critical point, contrary to expectations. These fluctuations persisted at higher temperatures and magnetic fields than predicted, disappearing suddenly below a critical electron density.

The findings challenge current understanding and demand new models to explain the observed phenomena. Understanding these quantum fluctuations is crucial for advancing superconductivity research, potentially leading to room-temperature superconductors and innovative technologies.