Norovirus, Also Known as Stomach Flu, Is on the Rise in the US: Key Signs to Watch For

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As we approach the holiday season, a familiar but unwelcome guest is making its presence felt across the United States: norovirus, commonly known as the stomach flu. This highly contagious virus, notorious for causing vomiting and diarrhea, is experiencing a resurgence. Understanding norovirus, its symptoms, and prevention methods is crucial, especially during its peak season in the winter months.

The Recent Surge in Norovirus Cases

Recent outbreaks have brought norovirus into the spotlight. In North Carolina, over 240 people fell ill after eating at a sushi restaurant in Raleigh, with three cases confirmed as norovirus. Similarly, a dollar-burrito event at Northwestern University in Illinois was linked to a norovirus outbreak. These incidents highlight the virus's prevalence and the ease with which it can spread.

Table: percent positive norovirus tests in the United States, by weekPhoto byPCR Detection Chart by CDC.gov

Understanding Norovirus

Norovirus is not just another stomach bug; it's the leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in the U.S. It causes acute gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. This results in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Despite being called the "stomach flu," it's important to note that norovirus is not related to influenza.

Annually, norovirus leads to millions of cases of gastrointestinal distress, hundreds of thousands of emergency room visits, and even deaths. Last winter, the U.S. saw a significant spike in norovirus cases, which is expected to continue.

How Norovirus Spreads

Norovirus is incredibly contagious and spreads through various means. It can be transmitted directly from person to person or indirectly via contaminated surfaces, objects, food, or water. Even aerosolized droplets from vomiting can spread the virus. It takes a remarkably small number of virus particles to cause an infection, making outbreaks common in places like schools, nursing homes, and cruise ships.

Recognizing the Symptoms

The symptoms of norovirus are hard to miss:

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Stomach pain or cramps

Some people may also experience headaches, body aches, and a low-grade fever. Symptoms typically develop within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and usually last a few days. While norovirus is generally a short-term illness, it can be more severe in babies, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Treatment and Management

There's no specific treatment for norovirus. The focus is on staying hydrated to compensate for fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms. Most people can manage their symptoms at home, but watching for signs of severe dehydration is crucial.

Prevention: The Key to Controlling Norovirus

Preventing norovirus infection is largely about hygiene and cleanliness. Handwashing with soap and water is essential, as hand sanitizers are ineffective against the virus. It's also important to clean potentially contaminated surfaces with high-level disinfectants like bleach. If you're sick, stay home and avoid preparing food for others until at least 48 hours after your symptoms stop.

Sources:

Norovirus National Trends - NREVSS | CDC

https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/norovirus-on-the-rise

Norovirus Illness: Key Facts (cdc.gov)