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AT A GLANCE

Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) about autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

FAQs about ASD

Q: Do vaccines cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A: Many studies have looked at whether there is a relationship between vaccines and ASD. To date, the studies continue to show that vaccines are not associated with ASD. Despite ongoing concerns from some parents and individuals, the CDC, in collaboration with the Inter-Agency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC), works to address these concerns through research and communication.

For more information about vaccines and ASD, refer to:

• Immunization Safety Office | CDC
• Thimerosal and Vaccines
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
• Autism and Vaccines

Q: Is there an ASD epidemic?

A: The diagnosis of ASD has increased over the years. This rise may be due to a broader definition of ASD, better diagnostic methods, and possibly a true increase in prevalence. The CDC collaborates with partners to monitor ASD prevalence to understand trends and ensure appropriate public health responses.

Explore more at:

• Autism Data Visualization Tool

Q: Can adults be diagnosed with ASD?

A: Yes, adults can be diagnosed with ASD. The diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, observing behavior, and conducting psychological tests. Diagnosing adults can be challenging due to incomplete early developmental histories and other existing diagnoses.

Q: What are mitochondrial diseases or disorders?

A: Mitochondria are components in cells that convert sugar and oxygen into energy. Mitochondrial diseases occur when mitochondria cannot efficiently produce energy, leading to various symptoms affecting the brain, muscles, heart, and other organs. Symptoms can vary in severity and may present in early childhood.

Q: Is there a relationship between mitochondrial disease and autism?

A: Children with mitochondrial diseases may also have ASD, show some ASD symptoms, or have no ASD-related symptoms at all. More research is needed to understand the connection between mitochondrial diseases and autism, though current evidence suggests it is rare.

Q: What is regressive encephalopathy?

A: Regressive encephalopathy refers to a condition where brain function slows, leading to the loss of previously acquired skills such as walking or talking. In some cases, children with mitochondrial diseases may regress due to triggers like illness or malnutrition.

Q: Is there a relationship between autism and encephalopathy?

A: Most children with ASD do not have encephalopathy. However, some may experience regression or regressive encephalopathy.

Q: What do we know about the relationship between mitochondrial disease and other disorders related to the brain?

A: Mitochondrial diseases can affect various brain functions depending on the area impacted. This may lead to seizures, communication difficulties, muscle weakness, or other issues. A person may experience multiple problems simultaneously.

Q: Do vaccines cause or worsen mitochondrial diseases?

A: Current scientific studies do not show that vaccines cause or worsen mitochondrial diseases. Some vaccine-preventable illnesses can trigger regression related to mitochondrial diseases. Ongoing research aims to determine if vaccines might trigger underlying mitochondrial disorders in rare cases. Overall, vaccines are considered safe and crucial in preventing life-threatening diseases.

Q: Are all children routinely tested for mitochondrial diseases? What about children with autism?

A: Routine testing for mitochondrial diseases is not performed for all children, including those with autism. Testing is complex and usually based on specific signs and symptoms.

Q: Should I have my child tested for a mitochondrial disease?

A: If you have concerns about your child potentially having a mitochondrial disease, consult your child's doctor to discuss symptoms and the need for testing.

For more information, visit the CDC website or consult with a healthcare professional.

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DATA SOURCE: Frequently Asked Questions about Autism Spectrum Disorder | Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | CDC