Discover the Top 10 Largest Shepherd Dog Breeds

With their remarkable intelligence, agility, and stamina, shepherd dog breeds have a rich and varied history that spans several centuries. Their origins are as diverse as their breeds. However, they all share a common purpose: aiding humans in managing and protecting livestock.

Among the oldest shepherd breeds is the Central Asian Shepherd , which traces its roots back over 4,000 years ago in regions spanning the Caspian Sea to China . Their human counterparts bred them to withstand the harshest climates and terrains, enabling them to work together in guarding livestock and property and pulling loads.

The Anatolian Shepherd , another ancient breed, originates from Turkey and is believed to be one of the oldest domestic dog breeds, dating back nearly 6,000 years. People designed these dogs to fend off predators, resulting in their exceptional ruggedness, resilience, and alertness.

In addition, the famous German Shepherd , developed in the late 19th century in Germany , was designed by Captain Max von Stephanitz as the ultimate working dog. He aimed to standardize the breed for uniformity in working ability rather than appearance. Thus the versatile, intelligent, and highly trainable German Shepherd came into existence.

Meanwhile, the Australian Shepherd , despite its name, was developed in the Western United States . People designed this breed to handle the demanding tasks of herding livestock in the new frontier. The breed is well-known for its intense work drive, intelligence, and endurance.

Shepherd Breeds Share Similar Characteristics

Shepherd breeds, regardless of their specific origin, share common characteristics. According to the American Kennel Club , these dogs are typically intelligent, adaptable, and responsive, making them effective workers and fantastic learners. Their agility and stamina allow them to excel in physically demanding roles. At the same time, their alertness and protective nature make them ideal guardians.

Their size can vary widely, from the smaller Shetland Sheepdog to the colossal Caucasian Shepherd . However, they generally lean towards medium to large, reflecting their working origins. Their coats can also vary, with some breeds, like the German Shepherd having a dense double coat to protect against harsh weather, while others, like the Australian Shepherd, boast a variety of beautiful colors and patterns.

Shepherd Breeds in the Modern Day

Despite their origins as working dogs, shepherd breeds have adapted brilliantly to various roles in modern society. They excel in search and rescue, police and military work, service and therapy roles, and of course, as loyal and loving family pets. Their versatility, adaptability, intelligence, and loyalty make them a beloved choice worldwide.

However, their working origins also mean that these breeds often require a fair amount of exercise and mental stimulation. They thrive best with active owners who can provide them with the physical activity and mental challenges they need. Moreover, their intelligence and protective instincts require careful, positive training to ensure they become well-adjusted family members.

Finally, the history of shepherd breeds tells a tale of human-canine collaboration, showcasing these dogs’ remarkable adaptability and dedication to their human companions. As we look towards the future, these breeds’ versatile abilities and endearing personalities will undoubtedly continue to secure their place in our homes and hearts.

10. Finnish Lapphund

The Finnish Lapphund , a breed hailing from the arctic regions of Lapland, is a hardy, versatile breed with a rich history and a distinct, captivating appearance.

Physically, these dogs display a robust build well-suited for the harsh arctic conditions, which was the purpose in the origin of their breeding. Males typically weigh between 33 to 53 lbs and stand about 18 to 21 inches tall. Their thick, lush double coat comes in various colors and protects them from the frigid Lapland winters. Finnish Lapphunds possess expressive, almond-shaped eyes and pricked ears that give them a keen, alert expression.

Originally, the Finnish Lapphund’s primary role was to assist the Sami people, an indigenous group in Finland , in managing reindeer herds. In addition, their intelligence, agility, and tireless work ethic suited them to the task. While some still perform their traditional duties today, many have transitioned into companion animals due to their excellent temperament and adaptability.

Moreover, Finnish Lapphunds are known for their friendly, gentle, and patient demeanor. They are exceptionally good with children, making them excellent family pets. Despite their working background, they are remarkably adaptable and do well in various living conditions, provided they receive adequate exercise. These intelligent dogs are eager to please and respond well to positive training methods.

Apart from being beloved pets, Finnish Lapphunds participate in various canine sports, such as herding trials, obedience, agility, and rally. Finally, their versatility and trainability make them stand out in these activities, showcasing the enduring spirit of this resilient arctic breed.

9. Australian Shepherd

The Australian Shepherd, often known as the “Aussie,” is a breed that combines versatility, intelligence, and beauty. Despite its name, the breed was developed in the Western United States in the 19th century to meet the demands of ranching and herding livestock in challenging terrain.

Physically, the Australian Shepherd is a medium-sized breed with a robust and agile build, designed for endurance and speed. Males typically weigh between 50 to 65 lbs and stand about 20 to 23 inches tall. Furthermore, one of their most striking features is their coat, which is thick, medium-length, and water-resistant. It comes in several colors, including blue merle, red merle, black, and red, often with white or tan markings. Their eyes, too, can be of varied colors, adding to their charm.

Originally bred for herding livestock, Australian Shepherds display an impressive work ethic and intelligence. Their herding instinct is strong, and they are known for their “eye,” a trait characterized by their intense, focused manner of controlling livestock.

Moreover, Aussies have a keen, intelligent, and eager-to-please demeanor. They are highly trainable and adaptable, making them suitable for various roles beyond herding. However, their high energy and intelligence require regular mental and physical stimulation. They thrive in active households and excel in activities like agility, obedience, and flyball.

In today’s world, apart from being a beloved family pet, the Australian Shepherd serves in roles such as search and rescue, guide dogs for the visually impaired, therapy dogs, and detection dogs. Their versatility, coupled with their loyal and friendly nature, ensures their continued popularity in various spheres.

8. Dutch Shepherd

The Dutch Shepherd , or Hollandse Herder, is a multifaceted breed that blends physical prowess with keen intelligence and steadfast loyalty. The breed originated from the Netherlands with the original purpose of serving as a reliable all-around farm dog.

Physically, Dutch Shepherds are medium-sized dogs, robustly built, boasting impressive strength and endurance. Males typically weigh between 50 to 75 lbs and stand about 22 to 25 inches tall. The breed is recognizable by its distinctive brindle coat, which can be short, long, or rough, depending on the individual. Their expressive eyes, coupled with their pricked ears, give them a sharp, alert countenance.

Breeders originally bred Dutch Shepherds to fulfill a wide range of roles in farming and herding. They trained them to herd sheep and cows, guard homes and properties, and even assist in moving dairy carts. Their intelligence and versatility made them invaluable to farmers and shepherds alike.

Moreover, Dutch Shepherds are known for their loyal, reliable, and obedient nature. They are highly trainable, eager to please, and form strong bonds with their families. Their intelligence and adaptability allow them to excel in a variety of tasks and adapt to different living conditions. However, they are an active breed and require regular mental and physical stimulation.

In the modern era, Dutch Shepherds have transitioned from their farming origins to various roles. They are found serving as police dogs, search and rescue dogs, and assistance dogs, amongst other roles. Their intelligence and trainability also make them exceptional performers in dog sports such as obedience, agility, and herding trials.

7. Belgian Shepherd

The Belgian Shepherd , or Belgian Sheepdog, is known for its elegance, versatility, and high intelligence. Hailing from Belgium , this breed has a rich herding and protective work history.

Physically, the Belgian Shepherd is a medium to large-sized breed, with males typically weighing 60 to 75 lbs and standing about 24 to 26 inches tall. Characterized by its athletic build, this breed was designed for agility and endurance. Moreover, a defining feature of the Belgian Shepherd is its medium-length, dense double coat, typically black, offering protection against harsh weather. The breed is known for its alert and intelligent expression, complete with dark brown, almond-shaped eyes and erect ears.

Breeders originally bred the Belgian Shepherd for herding and guarding livestock, and they performed these tasks with remarkable skill and dedication. Its keen intelligence, agility, and instinct to protect made it a highly valued asset on Belgian farms.

Additionally, in terms of temperament, Belgian Shepherds are known for their lively and attentive personalities. They are highly trainable and have a strong desire to work alongside their human companions. This quality makes them great workers and loyal and affectionate family members. However, their energetic nature and intelligence require regular physical and mental stimulation to keep them content and well-behaved.

Today, Belgian Shepherds have moved beyond their herding origins to play various roles. They excel in police and military, search and rescue, and as therapy dogs. Their intelligence and agility make them stand out in dog sports, such as obedience, agility, and tracking.

6. German Shepherd

The German Shepherd is known worldwide for its intelligence, versatility, and steadfast loyalty. Developed in Germany in the late 19th century, this breed also has a rich history in herding and protective work.

Physically, the German Shepherd is a large breed, with males typically weighing between 65 to 90 lbs and standing about 24 to 26 inches tall. The breed exhibits a muscular build specifically designed for agility and endurance. Its medium-length double coat, which can range in colors from black and tan to sable, offers protection against harsh weather conditions. A distinct feature is their intelligent, confident gaze, paired with erect ears, giving them a sharp, alert expression.

Moreover, German Shepherds were originally bred for herding and protecting sheep. Their keen intelligence, agility, and natural protective instincts made them highly valuable on German farms.

Furthermore, in terms of temperament, German Shepherds are known for their confident and eager-to-please personality. They are highly trainable and form strong bonds with their family, often displaying a protective nature. This energetic breed requires regular physical and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and potential behavioral issues.

Today, German Shepherds have transitioned from their herding roots to various roles. They are well-known as police and military dogs, search and rescue dogs, and service dogs. Their intelligence and trainability also make them excel in various dog sports, such as obedience, agility, and herding trials.

5. Old English Sheepdog

The Old English Sheepdog , affectionately known as the “Bobtail,” is a breed renowned for its distinctive shaggy coat, adaptability, and jovial nature. Originating in the United Kingdom during the 19th century, the breed initially served as a robust herding dog.

Physically, Old English Sheepdogs are large dogs, with males typically weighing between 70 to 100 lbs and standing about 22 to 24 inches tall. The breed is well-known for its profuse double coat, usually grey or blue with white markings. Moreover, the coat is one of their defining traits, often covering their face and eyes and giving them a bear-like appearance. Despite their size, these dogs are surprisingly agile and resilient, attributes that make them effective herders.

Originally, the purpose of breeding the Old English Sheepdogs was to drive cattle and sheep to market. Their resilience and herding instincts made them an invaluable asset to farmers. People cherished them as watchdogs because of their protective nature.

Additionally, in terms of temperament, Old English Sheepdogs are known for their amiable, adaptable, and intelligent nature. They are social dogs, displaying affectionate behavior toward their human family. They are playful and patient, which makes them great companions for children. Despite their generally laid-back demeanor, they require regular physical and mental stimulation to maintain their well-being.

Today, while their herding role has diminished, Old English Sheepdogs have found a new purpose as loving family pets. They also perform well in various dog sports, including obedience, agility, and herding trials, showcasing their intelligence and versatility.

4. East-European Shepherd

The East-European Shepherd, also known as the Vostochno Evropeiskaya Ovcharka, is a breed renowned for its resilience, intelligence, and distinctive appearance. This breed, developed in the Soviet Union in the mid-20th century, was primarily created for military and working purposes.

Physically, East-European Shepherds are a large and powerful breed, with males typically weighing between 66 to 110 lbs and standing about 24 to 28 inches tall. The breed possesses a muscular and elongated body built for endurance and agility. Furthermore, its thick double coat, commonly black and tan or sable, offers protection against harsh climatic conditions. Their alert, bright eyes, and erect ears give them an intelligent and observant expression.

Originally, breeders developed the East-European Shepherds for serving in the military and border patrol in the harsh climates of Siberia and East Europe. Their exceptional endurance, intelligence, and trainability suited them perfectly for this role.

Moreover, in terms of temperament, East-European Shepherds are known for their calm, balanced, and alert personalities. They are highly trainable and have a strong desire to work, making them excellent working dogs. These dogs are loyal and protective, forming strong bonds with their handlers. Their energetic nature and intelligence require regular physical and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and behavioral issues.

Today, East-European Shepherds continue to serve as working dogs in various roles, including police, military, and search-and-rescue. Their intelligence and trainability also make them excel in different dog sports.

3. Central Asian Shepherd

The Central Asian Shepherd , also known as the Alabai or Central Asian Ovtcharka, is a breed revered for its strength, independence, and exceptional guarding instincts. One of the oldest dog breeds, these dogs have been utilized for thousands of years in Central Asia as guardians and protectors.

Physically, the Central Asian Shepherd is a large and robust breed, with males typically weighing between 88 to 110 lbs and standing about 25 to 28 inches tall. They have a strong build, which reflects their historical purpose as livestock protectors. Moreover, their coat, which can be short or moderately long, comes in various colors, including white, black, grey, and brindle. The breed’s balanced and harmonious physique, erect ears, and expressive, confident gaze are recognized features.

In addition, the original purpose of the Central Asian Shepherd was to protect livestock from predators. Their strength, resilience, and protective instincts made them highly effective guardians in the rugged terrains of Central Asia.

Regarding temperament, Central Asian Shepherds are known for their independence, confidence, and protective nature. They are loyal to their family and are cautious and reserved toward strangers. Despite their independent nature, they are trainable with consistent, firm guidance.

Today, the Central Asian Shepherd continues to serve primarily as a guard dog, both for livestock and property. However, their loyal and protective nature also makes them well-suited as family pets, provided they have owners who understand and respect their instincts.

2. Anatolian Shepherd

The Anatolian Shepherd is a breed that boasts strength, vigilance, and a storied history that stretches back millennia. Originating in the rugged landscapes of Turkey, breeders created this breed for the daunting task of safeguarding flocks from formidable predators such as wolves and bears.

Physically, the Anatolian Shepherd is a large and robust breed, with males typically weighing between 110 to 150 lbs and standing about 28 to 31 inches tall. A thick neck and a broad head complement their sturdy, muscular frame. Furthermore, their dense double coat, which can range from short to rough, comes in various colors, including white, fawn, and brindle. You can recognize this breed by its sturdy and rugged appearance, expressive eyes, and high-set ears.

Moreover, the original purpose of the Anatolian Shepherd was to protect livestock. Their vigilance, courage, and adaptability made them invaluable protectors in the harsh Anatolian Plateau. Exposure to extreme weather conditions led them to develop a robust constitution and a strong instinct for guarding.

Additionally, Anatolian Shepherds have reserved, protective, and independent temperaments. They are exceptionally loyal to their family or flock and tend to be wary of strangers. This reserved demeanor masks an intelligent and quick-thinking nature. Their independence requires firm and consistent training, making them a better fit for experienced dog owners.

Today, the Anatolian Shepherd continues to excel in the role of a protector, whether it be livestock, property, or family. While their protective instincts remain intact, they have also adapted to life as family pets.

1. Caucasian Shepherd Dog

The Caucasian Shepherd, also known as the Caucasian Ovcharka, is a powerful and imposing breed known for its unparalleled guarding abilities. With a history that spans thousands of years, this breed came to be to protect livestock in the challenging terrains of the Caucasus Mountains.

Physically, the Caucasian Shepherd is a giant breed, with males typically weighing between 110 to 220 lbs and standing about 25 to 28 inches tall. They possess an impressive, muscular build that underlines their guarding capabilities. Furthermore, their thick and heavy double coat, which comes in fawn, grey, and brindle, protects them against the harsh climates of their native regions. The breed’s bear-like appearance, large head, and deep-set, expressive eyes are recognizable characteristics.

Originally, breeders bred Caucasian Shepherds to protect livestock from predators in the Caucasus region. Their natural guarding instincts, coupled with their courage and strength, made them perfect for this role.

Moreover, in terms of temperament, Caucasian Shepherds are protective, independent, and have a reserved nature. They form strong bonds with their family and are wary of strangers. Their inherent guarding instincts demand a firm hand in training and socialization, making them more suited to experienced dog owners.

Today, the Caucasian Shepherd still serves as a guardian, often used for protecting property and families. While they maintain their instinct to guard, they have also found a place in homes as loyal and protective companions.

Summary of the Top 10 Largest Shepherd Dog Breeds

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