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LiveScience
Sunspots surge to 23-year high as solar maximum continues to intensify far beyond initial expectations
By Harry Baker,
10 days ago
The number of black spots peppering the sun's surface in August was the highest for almost 23 years, new data shows. The latest sunspot count was more than twice as high as initial forecasts predicted and is another clear sign that the sun's explosive peak, or solar maximum, is likely well underway — and will be far more active than scientists initially thought .
Sunspots are regions of the sun's surface where surges of electromagnetic radiation break through the star's magnetic field, creating relatively cool patches that appear black to us thanks to an optical illusion . Along with the size and frequency of solar flares and coronal mass ejections , sunspot numbers indicate the progress of the sun's roughly 11-year solar cycle.
During the sun's least active phase, or solar minimum, there are very few or occasionally no sunspots. For example, in late 2019, shortly before the start of the current solar cycle (Solar Cycle 25), there were 40 consecutive days with no visible sunspots . But as the sun's magnetic field gets entangled with itself and weakens, sunspot numbers quickly climb before peaking during solar maximum. During this active phase, the sun's magnetic field eventually snaps and completely flips, which triggers a falling-off period of solar activity and a decrease in sunspots until the whole cycle restarts.
In August, there was an average of 215.5 daily sunspots on our home star's surface, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) , which is jointly run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Weather Service. The last time the monthly sunspot number was this high was September 2001, during the solar maximum of Solar Cycle 23, when the average was 238.2.
These numbers indicate what some scientists have already suspected — that we have entered solar maximum . However, we can't be certain of this until long after sunspot numbers begin to drop again.
When the current solar cycle began in 2020, a panel of SWPC scientists predicted that Solar Cycle 25 would be relatively weak compared with historic cycles, much like Solar Cycle 24, which peaked around 2014 and was the weakest maximum for around 90 years. For example, the average sunspot number predicted for August 2024 was 107.8, which is less than half the actual number that has just been released.
The SWPC forecast also suggested that the solar maximum would probably not arrive until 2025.
Solar maximums can last for one to two years or more, meaning there is still a decent chance that activity will continue to ramp up over the next 12 months or so. During Solar Cycle 23, sunspot numbers peaked at a maximum monthly value of 244.3 in July 2000. And in Solar Cycle 22, the monthly record was 284.5 in June 1989.
Not like we can do anything about it what happens happens
RecognizeTruth
8d ago
The main driver of climates changes...solar activity. Dwarfs everything else. And renders the claim that human activity, already having the least effect of terrestrial causes by a couple orders of magnitude, as completely ineffectual. Humans and human activity doesnt cause it, and can't alter it. We are just along for the ride.
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