Few countries fulfil their electricity demands using floating solar panels

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A recent study by Bangor and Lancaster University researchers and the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology reveals that floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) panels have significant potential to meet global electricity needs. The researchers analyzed nearly 68,000 lakes and reservoirs worldwide, assessing the feasibility of installing FPV systems by examining climate data and site conditions. They focused on lakes and reservoirs within 10 km of population centres, not in protected areas, and not prone to drying or freezing for extended periods.

The study estimated that FPV systems covering just 10% of these water bodies could generate up to 1302 terawatt hours (TWh) annually. This amount is roughly four times the UK's total annual electricity consumption. FPV systems offer several benefits compared to land-based solar installations, such as conserving land and improving panel efficiency due to cooler temperatures. Additionally, FPV could help reduce water evaporation and limit algal blooms, although the overall environmental impact requires further study.

The findings suggest that some countries could meet all their electricity needs with FPV. For example, Papua New Guinea, Ethiopia, and Rwanda could achieve this, while Bolivia and Tonga could cover nearly all their demand. Many African, Caribbean, South American, and Central Asian countries could fulfil 40% to 70% of their electricity requirements. Finland and Denmark could meet 17% and 7% of their needs in Europe, respectively. The UK could generate 2.7 TWh annually from FPV, sufficient to power around one million homes.

Despite the promising potential, the researchers caution that strategic deployment is crucial, considering environmental, ecological, and societal impacts. While FPV installations are still limited, particularly in the UK, the study underscores the need for further research and careful planning to maximize benefits and mitigate risks.