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If you’ve ever watched your cat rhythmically pressing their paws into your lap, a soft blanket, or even a pillow, you’ve witnessed kneading—one of the most common and mysterious feline behaviors. Often called "making biscuits," kneading involves a cat pressing their front paws in and out, alternating between the left and right paw. But why do cats knead, and what does it mean? Let’s dive into the science and emotion behind this soothing habit.

A Throwback to Kittenhood

Kneading is a behavior that cats carry from their earliest days as kittens. When nursing, kittens knead their mother’s belly to stimulate milk flow. This action is instinctual and helps the kitten get the nourishment they need to grow. But even as adults, many cats continue to knead, especially in moments of contentment.

Marking Their Territory

Cats have scent glands located in their paws, and when they knead, they’re also marking their territory. As they press their paws into soft surfaces, they leave behind a subtle scent that signals ownership. This is why your cat might knead on a blanket, couch, or even your lap—it’s their way of saying, “This is mine.”

Showing Affection

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Kneading is also a way for cats to show affection. Cats knead when they’re feeling especially close to their human companions. If your cat kneads on you while purring or settling down on your lap, it’s a clear sign that they’re expressing love and appreciation for the bond you share.

Preparing for Sleep

In the wild, cats knead grass or leaves to create a soft spot for sleeping. This behavior may still be present in domesticated cats, who knead blankets, beds, or other soft surfaces before settling down for a nap. By kneading, they’re instinctively preparing a cozy and comfortable spot to rest.

Stress Relief

Just as humans might fidget or play with objects when they’re anxious, cats sometimes knead as a way to relieve stress. The repetitive motion and soft texture can be soothing for your cat, helping them feel more relaxed during moments of tension. If your cat is kneading more than usual, it might be a sign that they’re feeling stressed or anxious.

Kneading as a Comforting Gesture

Kneading is a multi-faceted behavior that stems from both instinct and emotion. Whether your cat is kneading to show affection, mark their territory, or prepare for sleep, it’s a clear sign that they feel safe, secure, and content. So, the next time your cat starts “making biscuits” on your lap, take it as a compliment—they’re telling you that they’re happy and relaxed in your presence.

1. Johnson-Bennett, P. (2016). Think Like a Cat: How to Raise a Well-Adjusted Cat—Not a Sour Puss. Penguin Books.
2. McComb, K. (2018). The Feline Mind: Exploring the Inner Workings of Cats. Crown Publishing Group.