Southeast Asia’s energy landscape continues to be defined by its reliance on fossil fuels despite international efforts to promote cleaner alternatives. According to the IEA’s 2024 Southeast Asia Energy Outlook, fossil fuels have played a central role in meeting the region's rapidly increasing energy demand over the past two decades. From 2010 to 2023, the region’s energy needs were primarily addressed through coal, oil, and natural gas, with coal being the dominant source.