Women’s Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Although both men and women face an increasing risk of Alzheimer’s disease as they age, women’s risk of Alzheimer’s disease is greater. In the United States, 6.2 million people over 65 have Alzheimer’s disease , with a shocking two-thirds being women. In other words, around one in six women in this age group will develop the condition.

Recent research has provided insights into Alzheimer’s based on patterns observed in other types of dementia. Notably, studies have shown that dementia unrelated to Alzheimer’s affects men and women equally, indicating a unique association between Alzheimer’s disease and gender.

Understanding the link between menopause and dementia

Researchers have long believed that genetics and women’s longer life spans contribute to the discrepancy in dementia rates. However, there is increasing agreement that women’s risk of Alzheimer’s may be affected specifically by menopause.

Menopause, the time in a woman’s life when estrogen levels drop, brings significant changes in both the brain and the ovaries. While most women will experience these changes without long-term health issues, approximately 20 percent will develop dementia in the following decades.

Estrogen receptors in the female brain “work beautifully when estrogen is high and consistent,” said Lisa Mosconi , associate professor of neurology and radiology at Weill Cornell Medicine and author of “ The Menopause Brain: New Science Empowers Women to Navigate the Pivotal Transition with Knowledge and Confidence .” These receptors are abundant in regions of the brain that control memory, mood, sleep, and body temperature and are essential for the brain’s defense against aging and damage. During menopause, the drop in estrogen affects how specific brain regions function.

Neurological changes in the brain may explain menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and mood swings. These changes may also explain a mild, usually temporary, decline in memory and cognitive abilities.

Related: Memory loss concerns – forgetfulness or a problem?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and dementia risk

Many women and their doctors consider hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to alleviate menopause symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings. Typically, HRT involves a combination of estrogen and progesterone, though various formulations exist. However, the relationship between HRT and the risk of dementia remains unclear and is subject to continued research.

Studies on whether estrogen in HRT can reduce the risk of dementia have yielded mixed results . Some research suggests a beneficial effect, while others indicate an increased risk, reported the Alzheimer’s Society of the UK.

A 2021 study found that HRT drugs could reduce the risk of dementia-related diseases. The study highlighted that several factors, such as dosage, type of medication, duration of treatment, age, and time since menopause, could influence the outcomes.

Conversely, a study conducted in Denmark found that HRT might increase the risk of dementia. This discrepancy adds to the complexity and confusion surrounding the topic.

Brain fog is a common symptom of menopause but can also be an early sign of dementia, further muddying the waters. If early dementia symptoms are mistaken for menopause, prescribing HRT could skew the data and make it challenging to draw definitive conclusions. In addition, brain fog during menopause often dissipates later.

Anyone considering HRT should discuss the possible risks and benefits with a healthcare provider.

Mitigating women’s risk of Alzheimer’s

While menopause does not directly cause Alzheimer’s, it may increase brain vulnerability. Though hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not currently recommended for Alzheimer’s prevention, specific lifestyle changes can positively influence both menopause symptoms and Alzheimer’s risk.

Diet and nutrition

A balanced, plant-rich diet focused on whole foods, fiber, and antioxidants can support hormonal health and brain function. Minimizing processed foods and refined sugars is also crucial.

Physical activity

Regular exercise benefits the brain, ovaries, and hormones. It enhances cognitive function and helps manage menopause symptoms.

Sleep and stress management

Quality sleep is essential for reducing stress and preserving brain health. Aim for seven to nine hours per night to maintain overall wellness.

Toxins

Toxic substances can also play a significant role. Smoking can trigger early menopause and exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, women should avoid hormone-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and Bisphenol A (BPA), as they may interfere with hormonal balance.

A positive mindset

A positive attitude towards menopause can make a substantial difference. Mosconi notes that women in cultures with a more positive view of menopause experience less severe symptoms.

Menopause and Alzheimer’s disease are both complex. Adopting these strategies can help reduce the risk of dementia and improve overall well-being.

The post Women’s Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease appeared first on Seniors Guide .