Intellectual impairment is one of the Paralympics’ 10 classifications of eligible impairment types. But not all cognitive and intellectual disabilities are the same. While some may result in a lower IQ, others can affect both the body and mind.
As researchers in Sport Management at Brock University, we are currently exploring diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in Canadian sport. Many sport organizations state they are inclusive and welcome athletes of all abilities. Preliminary findings of our research show a relative absence of diversity in sport despite good intentions. Sport has many benefits to offer, but some disabled athletes are still missing out.
The Olympics and Paralympics are multi-sport major games events. Their international appeal offers the ideal opportunity to further social justice efforts through sport. The Olympic movement seeks to create a better world through sport practised “without discrimination of any kind.”
Similarly, Paris 2024 insists “there’s a place for everyone in sport,” lauding a new national sport initiative called “All Disabilities, All Sports.” This initiative seeks to expand sport opportunities for athletes with disabilities.
Fuelled by a desire to improve inclusivity in sport, Paris 2024 states, “we want to harness the Games to show that sport boosts inclusivity in ways that benefit society.” But, the classification process is flawed, and athletes with Down syndrome are only one example of a group of athletes still experiencing a lack of inclusion. There is a clear difference between what sport says and what sport does.
Inclusive sport affects us all. It acts as common ground for people from different backgrounds, helping to build trust, community and a sense of belonging. Most people will experience a disability at some point in their lives. Sport organizations that offer inclusive sport improve the sustainability of their clubs through expanded membership opportunities, increasing community connection and breaking down stigma by embracing diverse skills and knowledge.
Sport as a human right
The United Nations situates sport as a human right. Sport organizations, including the International Olympic Committee, are working toward sport as a human right through DEI initiatives that intend to make sport more accessible and inclusive to diverse groups of people. But for sport to act as a path to inclusion, we need to think differently about what sport is and who sport is for.
Thinking differently about sport benefits everyone by changing sport from a space for only specific kinds of bodies (white, male, cis, hetero, able, young and elite) to sport for all bodies. If sport is for everyone, sport must be (re)imagined in ways that make it more accessible.
Sport for all abilities: A pathway to inclusion
Too often, the easy answer is that sport cannot be both competitive and inclusive. Sport with improved classification for cognitively and intellectually disabled athletes can happen along with the Paralympics. Sport can also be done in other ways that bring competition and inclusivity together.
Mixed ability sport is one way that sport is re-imagined. Mixed ability sport organizations, such as International Mixed Ability Sports, show how sport can be changed by changing our minds about how sport is done. Ringette Canada and Rugby Ontario are two examples of how sport organizations in Canada are changing by offering mixed ability sport opportunities that include athletes of all abilities.
We all, whether researchers, coaches, managers, administrators or athletes, have an ethical responsibility to change sport to make it meaningfully inclusive for all.
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