High school sports in the United States are alive and well, and growing.
More than eight million participants competed in high school sports in the 2023-24 school year, an all-time record and the first time ever that total participation has exceeded the eight-million mark.
The National Federation of State High School Associations annual Athletics Participation Survey indicated that 8,062,302 participants were involved in high school sports during the 2023-24 school year, an increase of 210,469 from the previous year and higher than the previous record of 7,980,886 set in 2017-18. The 2023-24 total includes 4,638,785 boys and 3,423,517 girls – both record highs – according to figures obtained from the 51 NFHS member state associations, which includes the District of Columbia.
The 2023-24 total marked the second consecutive increase after numbers tumbled during the pandemic. Since the initial survey after the pandemic, participation in high school sports has increased by 444,248 in two years and represents a turnaround from the decline that started the year before the COVID-19 pandemic.
“We are thrilled to learn that participation in high school sports has exceeded eight million for the first time,” said Dr. Karissa Niehoff, CEO of the NFHS. “The comeback from the pause of school sports during the pandemic has been so gratifying and certainly indicates the staying power of education-based sports in our nation’s schools. We salute coaches, athletic directors and other school administrators for making these experiences happen for student-athletes.”
Two of the biggest storylines are the increases in all forms of high school football – for both boys and girls – and the continued rise in both girls and boys wrestling. Eleven-player football remained the most popular boys sport and registered an increase for the second consecutive year from 1,028,761 participants to 1,031,508. There also was an increase in 8-player football participation from 23,812 to 26,420.
The biggest gains in football, however, came on the girls side, particularly with the emerging sport of flag football. The number of participants in girls flag football more than doubled from 2022-23 to 2023-24. A total of 42,955 girls participated in flag football in 2023-24 compared to 20,875 the previous year – a 105% increase. And from the 15,716 participants in 2021-22, there has been an increase of 17%. There also was an increase in the number of girls competing on 11-player football teams from 3,654 to 4,094.
Including boys and girls competitors in 6-, 8-, 9- and 11-player football and girls and boys participants in flag football, the overall football total for 2023-24 was 1,118,705 – an increase of 28,825 from 2022-23.
Another highlight is the sizeable jump in wrestling participation – for both boys and girls – for the second consecutive year. An additional 32,443 boys were involved in wrestling last year, jumping from 259,431 to 291,874. Since the 2021-22 season, there has been a gain of 60,000 in boys wrestling – an amazing 25% increase. And participation on girls teams has continued its historic rise with 64,257 participants last year – an increase of 102% from the 31,654 in 2021-22.
Outdoor track and field, volleyball and soccer all registered increases and remained the top three participatory sports for girls. Track and field increased 4% to 506,015, followed by volleyball at 479,125 and soccer at 383,895. Although the number of participants was down about 6,000, basketball (367,284) remained in the No. 4 spot followed by fast-pitch softball (345,451), tennis (195,766), cross country (192,989), competitive spirit (181,023 – up 20%), swimming and diving (138,174) and lacrosse (101,204).
Outdoor track and field, and soccer had significant gains on the boys side as well. After 11-player football and outdoor track and field (625,333), the rest of the boys top 10 sports includes basketball (536,668), baseball (471,701), soccer (467,483), wrestling (291,874), cross country (239,381), tennis (157,835), golf (155,174), and swimming and diving (116,799).
The number of participants in Esports and Unified Sports also registered increases in 2023-24. A total of 27,051 students participated in Esports last year, which included 23,041 boys and 4,010 girls – an increase of 3,129 participants from the previous year. The survey indicated a total of 51,502 participants in the 15 Unified Sports, up from 42,010 in 2022-23.
Texas (859,301) and California (834,103) remained atop the list of state participation. New York (341,454) remained in third, followed by Pennsylvania (336,946), Ohio (323,117), Illinois (320,603), Florida (299,398), Michigan (289,740), New Jersey (280,798) and Minnesota (224,179).
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